Updated: 7/28/2026

Network Parameters

Current Kaspa mainnet consensus parameters, monetary constants, hardfork history, and default ports.

Current mainnet values, sourced from the rusty-kaspa consensus config and the KIPs. Values reflect the Crescendo (May 2025) and Toccata (June 2026) hardforks.

Consensus

ParameterValue
Target block rate10 blocks per second (100 ms/block)
GHOSTDAG k124
Max block parents16
Mergeset size limit248
Merge depth bound36,000 blocks (~1 hour)
Finality depth432,000 blocks (~12 hours)
Pruning depth1,080,000 blocks (~30 hours)
Coinbase maturity1,000 blocks (~100 seconds)
PoW hashkHeavyHash (cSHAKE256-based)

Transactions & blocks

ParameterValue
Max block mass500,000 grams per mass dimension (transient raised to 1,000,000 at Toccata, allowing ~250 KB block bodies)
Max standard transaction mass100,000 grams
Minimum relay fee rate100 sompi/gram (raised from 1 at Toccata)
Signature schemesSchnorr over secp256k1 (default); ECDSA over secp256k1 also supported
Transaction sighashblake2b-256, keyed with domain TransactionSigningHash

Monetary

ParameterValue
Base unit1 KAS = 100,000,000 sompi
Max supply~28.7 billion KAS
EmissionHalves yearly via a smooth monthly reduction of (1/2)^(1/12) (~5.6%/month) - the “chromatic” schedule
Block reward~2.45 KAS/block (~24.5 KAS/second) as of July 2026

The emission schedule is a 426-entry per-month table in the coinbase logic; the per-second rate is independent of block rate (at 10 BPS, each block pays 1/10th of the per-second subsidy).

Hardfork history

HardforkActivatedDAA scoreHighlights
CrescendoMay 5, 2025110,165,000KIP-14: 1 → 10 BPS, plus KIP-4 (sampled difficulty windows), KIP-9 (storage mass), KIP-10, KIP-13 (transient mass)
ToccataJune 30, 2026474,165,565KIP-16/17/20/21 (Covenants++, ZK precompile, sequencing commitments); larger block bodies; higher relay fee floor

Default ports

NetworkP2PgRPCwRPC (borsh)wRPC (json)
Mainnet16111161101711018110
Testnet-1016211162101721018210
Simnet16511165101751018510
Devnet16611166101761018610